In 1822, Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot in the stomach and treated by Dr. Beaumont. He was expected to die from his wounds, but remarkably he survived - with a hole in his stomach.
Dr. Beaumont doing what any opportunistic scientist would do, used this strange case to study digestion in the human body. For the next 11 years, St. Martin and Beaumont conducted a series of experiments ranging from the simple observation of normal digestion to the effects that temperature, exercise and even emotions have on the digestive process.
Supplement: The whole 1833 book, Experiments and observations on the gastric juice, and the physiology of digestion, by William Beaumont. Flip through it for interesting pictures and descriptions.
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The Life and Times of Alexis St-Martin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1921378/
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